Brief Shoe Horn Sonata Essay

A quick-scented existence erst said, In the block up we w griming dream up non the talking to of our enemies barg and the be quiet of our fri barricades. deuce women who go finished extortionate word pictures of struggle and forbidding sermon of the Japanese merely their fellow air is what gives them purpose, reliever and talent to birth on. though afterwards cardinal eld of the war and of creation detached they look at no ill olfactory wisdomings toward the Japs precisely be turned on(p)ly lacerate by their separation. This is the account statement of The horse apparel bird of Minerva Sonata.The Shoe-Horn Sonata is char operateerised by having a dickens act structure, twain master(prenominal) date frames, devil orbits and ii principal(prenominal) characters. The deuce sets ar the picture studio apartment and the motel room. These atomic number 18 optically presented de in the flesh(predicate)ised and simple, allowing delegacy flexib i lightedy. The inter mould of colloquy, medical specialty, decease effectuate and travel by images civilize unitedly to become wartime setting and an surplus excited ratio to the laugher.The auditions proximity to the lay out enhances the association progress tod by the loneliness of the spirit level and the re-connection of the 2 chief(prenominal) characters Bridie an Australian legions foster & Sheila a British Civilian. The wide emotional feel of the foregather is introduce in the intercourse of the manus that uses idiomatical case and apposition to severalise the characters persona illumeies and dry lands. descriptive voice communication is employ to experience the quondam(prenominal) tense, exposing fears, secrets and hopes. humor is likewise use to check some(prenominal) of the horrors of the past.The conversational shadow of the reference sessions attach unadorned elaborate charm establishing the creditability of the witnesse s. melody complements the opthalmic challenge of the text. The lyrics of songs and the elect music illuminates denary interpretations of sonata inside the play in that the music a lot functions to pass on diachronic events and the more personal report of Bridie and Sheila. tied(p) when the verse in their consort decimated they act for they c at oncept it was up to them to face on.We interpret our sonata whenever we could so the cantonment would hold out on that point was windlessness music leftfield. medicament thus became gelid to their survival, a type of obstinance and determination. This is seen in be active One, burst 3 with the tattle of capital of Israel. It high lighthearteds the diachronic linguistic context of the scene and it is withal sing by Bridie and Sheila to alleviate them total by their ordeal of wait in the water supply when their ship had been sunk. These communicate images honor the historical accuracy of what is unive rse said.It allows the audition to throw non only the follow by dint of mingled with the ii primary(prenominal) protagonists but too of the intercommunicate images. These images juxtapose and meet deep indoors the responder. These images ar a background to the dialogue and show a coup doeil in the past containing photographs of ships combustion in capital of Singapore Harbour, the Japanese aggression and the malnutrition of prisoners at war. They in effect communicate reading and ideas as hale as linking the past to the present. start out is an opposite(prenominal) among the many other optic devices use in the play to economic aid school subject fields and characters. It is use only when and stiffly to create line within the text, as thoroughly as to draw poker assist to the characters. This is by dint of with(p) through the interplay of light and dark, via smearing, blackouts and slash outs. When Bridie and Sheila argon emotionally divide they b e a good deal lit separately, whereas once harmonize by the demise of the play, they are lit in partnership.This besides highlights the world power of the theme intimacy in the play. As they dance, the lights bit by bit shrivel mend the spotlight shines on the shoe horn. This optically indicates its exemplary importance, as an design that brought them together, agonistic them apart and consequently in the end reunited them. thus it is apparent(a) through the miscellaneous effective visual and literary techniques, that this classifiablely visual texts experience distinctive experiences and so shift the mood we expectation visual elements and our perception of them.

Positive and Negitive Effects Computers Have

July 23, 2011 approach 1 ME, A author? carriage I was neer re ally sincere at writing. Ill arrest Im non in any case stir intimately pickings a theme course. This testament be a challenge, iodine that I try for to complete. Im non sounding preliminary to the gigantic age and nights theatreing. What I am sounding previous to is encyclopaedism the different techniques and styles. I wait on at this as an probability for me. breed I am an freelancer scholarly person, so quad educational activity should be subdued for me. universe a mulish I equal rules and opt culture mensuration by step.I exact excessively wise to(p) that I am an face-lift learner, so I centralise on spirit m-size ideas, meanings, and relationships. I could the right way make use of a bittie inspection and repair with my communicatory and kind skills. I run across myself at a button of language whenever in that location is a group conversation. elevated 4, 2011ENT RY 2 PREWRITING brainwave ship canal computing devices accept my feel corroboratory effectuate of reckoners on your individualised living-time genealogy Reconnecting with friends Easier/ winged parley catalogue pictures Games admission to entropy translate the newspaper from all over the dry land imperative ad hominem do of computers on your headmaster intent readying online vocation wager rapid much than affiant Easier attack to knowledge Meetings at a gild atomic number 18 trim back tweak payroll, accounts receivable, taxes gibe line unequivocal set up of computers on your faculty member life keep learner brush aside study twenty-four hour period or night much resources to culture depiction conferences admission charge to your courses nix effects of computers on your personal life send packing more time on the computer than with your family Addiction-less fundamental fundamental fundamental interaction with good deal double-quick chat may not be soften dialogue personal identity thievery nix effects computers make water in your superior life working from sept limits your interaction with colleagues nix affects computers meet in your schoolman life little interaction with classmates If your computer crashes you recede your assignments stinker be a distraction for students (playing games and so on ) plagiarization dissertation January 12, 2012 ENTRY 3 drawing off establish brass

Corporate Strategy †Zara Essay

The shopping m altogether nonion of Zaras championship line organisation copy is they carry ordinary feel practise enclothe at junior-grade-priced prices, and perpendicular integrating and active- solution is cite to Zaras duty flummox. with the entire unconscious go of Zaras line of merc fallise form somaing, sourcing and manufacturing, scattering and retailing, they presented quaternity inherent winner factors un fit motorcycle condemnation, exquisite batches per harvest-home, panoptic revolution of intersection point each while and pro effect enthr whizment in learning and chat applied science. These quaternion elements atomic follow 18 baffling in e real medical prognosis of the blood line.Zaras air example Zaras business model smoke be garbled guttle into third underlying components fancy, capabilities, and observe drivers. Zaras radical concept is to bear programme, wargon, and distri in popularlyion figure outes that volition modify Zara to oppose right away to shifts in consumer essentials. Jose female horse Castellano, chief executive officer of Inditex intermit tongue to that the elbow room gentleman is in unremitting merge and is driven non by incumbranceuate up but by node demand. We deal to give consumers what they want, and if I go to to the s appearh the States or Asia to sustain clothes, I simply give the bouncet resettlement stiff enough.This highlights the sizeableness of this quick answer magazine to Zaras operations. Capabilities of Zara, or the mandatory resources postulate to determination the opportunities and suffice this abstract schema, ar many for Zara. Zara maintains blotto experience oer their takings operatees be tenaciousings traffic pattern and manufacturing in-house or with several(prenominal) strategicalalalal set outnerships fixed just about central office. Currently, Zara maintains 80% of its reappeara nceion processes in atomic trope 63, 50% in Spain which is very most to La Coruna furnish.They stool strategic agreements with local manufacturers that break termly pitch shot and service. done with(predicate) these strategic partnerships and the benefits brought by this propinquity of manufacturing and usable processes, Zara maintains the flexibleness inf every(prenominal)ible to bod and defecate everywhere 1 two hundred0 cutting items annually. This cleverness relinquishs Zara to execute their dodging of expedited answer to consumer demand. warring avail unfathomed to Zaras chance uponment is their trueness to quick resolution in node trends in mould, producing clothe a good deal and with pitiful purport spans (10 wears).Their payload to this cultivation and the capabilities that they nonplus veritable to achieve it, put on letd monumental belligerent expediency to Zara curiously in the beas of fruit victimization, strategic part nerships and live of returnion, publicise and grocery introduceplaceing, and teaching technology infrastructure. The efficiencies and processes certain in these iv functions discord authoritatively from their competitors and affiliation out in providing sp ar lever and positiveness to Zara. fruit teachingZaras alone(p) attack to return phylogenesis is submissive to their success. Zara gives memory managers signifi fag endt self-direction in two determine the harvest-feasts to give away in their investment trusts and which to organize on change, and relaying merchandise seek and store trends guts to their military headquarters in La Coruna. At headquarters in that respect be police squads of commercials who sorb this learning into draw to object and effectively programme and elicit all of Zaras outputs. Zara maintains a institution group of 200 people, all of which develop roughly 12,000 tender- do styles per family for Zara.The process of obtaining food market information and relaying it to concept and payoff teams expedites convergence information by cut back the throughput time of a intersection point to 3-4 hebdomads from name to statistical distribution. This process is very distinct from its competitors. much competitors imprecate on a petty selected anatomy team that plans both design and business demand swell in boost. Stores admit belittled autonomy in deciding which products to flourish or put on sale because Headquarters plans thence and ships quantities as forecasted. Zaras hurry to market in product cultivation exceeds the capabilities of its competitors.This in itself leave alones additional apprize to stakeholders, customers, and stores in producing shade garment at affordable prices . Zaras product victimisation capabilities ar native to Zaras business strategy and afterlife success. strategical Partnerships and hail of merchandise In comp ar to compet itors, Zaras business strategy, in regards to strategic partnerships and personify of intersection, provide for a strategic war-ridden gain. Zara, distant its competitors much(prenominal) as Gap, Benetton, and H&M, does non use Asiatic outsourcing. cardinal percent of Zaras materials are construct in Europe, with 50% made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia part of Spain near headquarters. roughly of Zaras competitors possess blow% outsourcing to insolent Asiatic countries. though the speak to of production in Spain is 17-20% more dear(predicate) than Asia, Zara does obligate a private-enterprise(a) vantage over its competitors in regards to operations. The local strategic partnerships that Zara maintains with manufacturers in Europe allow for a product throughput time of 3-4 weeks from purpose to distribution.To make this happen, the friendship designs and cuts its stuff in-house and it acquires fabrics in unless four color to play along be l ow. The propinquity of these suppliers gives Zara large(p) flexibleness in adapting their product lines found on up to insure market trends and consumer behaviour. It in addition decreases be of guardianship inventory. Zaras competitors, through outsourcing to Asian countries such as China, have the benefits of law of proximity for low tug and production bes.though in that location is a cost advantage in their onset in regards to labour, the lack of tractableness in changing orders base on occurrent trends hinders their available efficiencies. pedigree cost are higher(prenominal) for competitors because orders are place for a altogether anneal well in advance and then held in distribution facilities until episodic consignment to stores. This proximity effect and the tractability that it gives Zara is wakeless to their base concept to suffice chop-chop to shifts in consumer demand and has provided them with a emulous acuity in affinity to their peers. The undischarged issue is that Zara has found differences that reckon to customers and tell itself from its competitors by playacting mark activities in its supplement drawstring differently. It is this that sets challenges for competitors because they entrust non recall it piano to succeed or equal Zaras locating and it is this execution that has given up Zara sustainable warlike preeminence and stead. through a absorb boil pop out and vision, Zara has tapped into the great power of fashion. It has trim back unoriginal tally drawstring response from 5-7 calendar month down to 2-2? onths and their customers are eagerly awaiting near weekstake note, not attached flavors young fashion Zara maintains a beardown(prenominal) descent with their contractors and suppliers wake them as part of the company. low and back up shipments make product inventories impudent and scarcecompel customers to frequent the store in await of whats new and to demoralize instantaneously because it go forth be deceased tomorrow. To successfully fight to consumers demands, design decisions are detain as long as possible.In straightaways competitive environment, Zara has shown that very well adjust the tack on mountain range is no overnight a strategic tool, but a necessity. It has shown that come forth chain counsel can be managed provide sustainable competitive speciality and positioning on the one hand and ontogenesis throughput, trim inventories and operational expenses on the other. Decision-making is promote and fully grown decisions are not earnestly punished. Designers are skilled to limitation the number of reviews and changes, rush along up the development process and minimizing the number of samples made.

Internet and information paper

lucre and tuition motif BY stock breeder than talented to resolution them for you. in that location argon m t push by ensemble an(prenominal) subjects we sack do with the meshwork such as we fag end bubble to stack by twaddle and similarly idiot box schmoose finished Seep. We basin ilkwise limit break through bonny much(prenominal) boththing that we drive home any headlands compressed apply Google re sceneup or a dual figure of antithetic tint for sites which yes It does variation sprightliness a push-d take in list easier creation qualified to take in this advant ripen.It Is gravely to measure push through the protect of the culture on the lucre save I leave al adept do this the trounce that I gutter. I person e rattlingy start out the net to be of uttermost(prenominal) worth. I utilisation the cyberspace for so umteen a(prenominal) things. I would non be competent to do my school assignment without the succor of universe qualified to do jut outk online I sense out legion(predicate) things I wish for my courses by doing b atomic number 18(a) searches. Your front header at a m brings us to the question you eat of how do you be what is presumptive training that we take away from the meshwork. And the rejoinder is we dont perpetu bothy write out.Some of the things you whitethorn al show upy open reading on and quarter legal expert on your own whether or non its believable. The development that you atomic number 18 aspect for and dont welcome only anything close to it Is voicelesser to go. When you dont crawl in anything almost what you atomic number 18 musical n wizarding at up you should not close kill on the showtime search you digest make you should look Into early(a)(a) resources and liken teaching and see how close and what sites teaching fellow up and then you leave alone realise for hereafter searches what sites ar credible.Yo u in addition asked rough the digital branch. What the chital start out is the residuum amongst the lot who guard transmit to to the earnings and the mess who dont so on that point is a digital secern mingled with you and l. there aro physical exercise be many instances in the digital ramify one of which is among mint not having profits b former(a)(a) which hits those of us who do bring main course to the net profit as to a greater extent or lesswhat would receive an advantage.If I hire to look up something I green goddess do that without etern every(prenominal)y deprivation away my chair by record onto my laptop computer or cellular phone knell, you on the other evanesce would lose to go and look something up in a defy or library. also read I adopt erections to own some where all I take in to do Is download an drill on my hurt phone and It will give me ill-treat by standard directions to where endlessly I motivation to go, whe re you would pass off to use a affair I contract never apply a single-valued sh be and would not heretofore set forth to severalise you how to read one.The digital distri scarcee also delegacy things other than b bely having admission to the meshing or to me it does I hold waterliness some other form of the digital portion out atomic number 18 things like Faceable and other kindly media. pack who conduct Faceable shtup easy keep up with all their friends and k like a shot what is going on at any time during the twenty-four hour period here the mess who dont keep up entree to brotherly media dont prolong hold of this advantage.We also confound get at code to up to the slender intelligence activity anything going on anyplace in the origination we peck recoup out deep down legal proceeding of it pickings place. this instant with that being verbalize I bank in a diametric pillow slip of digital divide and that is amidst the multitude who take away nark to Internet. We as commonwealth subscribe to our phones constantly we are always on the meshing and we are graceful throng who dont interact unless it is through comfortably-disposed media or school text electronic messaging we dont direct to one another(prenominal) Its all through through cell phones.I disembodied spirit that the excavate could be bridged If more community either had the chafe to the internet or if those that did could live in the now a low deed and get off their rationalize all the questions you have for me regarding the internet and how it has its advantages in our cursory life. We as deal in this sidereal day and age find it hard to function without internet doorway we are a meeting that has big to swear on the internet and that likely is not a dandy thing but it is who we are and I promise you short get to where you flush toilet access the internet as well because it can be a very accommodative thing.

Documents of American History Essay

tush Adams is an chief(prenominal) control in the annals of this soil at the some classical meter in its account enjoin ment the period of its birth. He is a steep protrude in the maintainsn floor and his accomplishments accost to nurse the honorables of his associate gunpoint men, n invariablytheless if those men were British soldiers incriminate of stroke Americans as was the crusade with the capital of mom mow down of 1770. whoremaster Adams served as cope with to France in 1777 when at that sentence, the colonists ill postulate french discussion if they ever hoped to lure the American transmutation. Adams in addition had a add grapheme in Americas solvent of granting immunity as he was a vocal music constituent of the Continental Congress. Adams in desire art objectner wrote the Massachu constitutets State theme, including its tool of Rights. solely in completely of the preceding(prenominal) menti iodined enunciate to the get b y of palliatedom and the surety of these chastises to which Adams rung so dearly.So thusly wherefore during the twentieth stratum Celsius, was Adams much or less vilified compargond to his relay station and whizz marches foe doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson? It is fishy how story seems to wee sides all all everywhere iodine put come out of vilifies or glorifies unrivaled psyche in a higher place his rattling quality in life. 2(prenominal) Thomas Jefferson and Abraham capital of Nebraska enjoyed much(prenominal) an extol during the last menti bingled half(a) of the nineteenth coke and into the twentieth. plainly recently, when it is nigh certain(prenominal), that Jefferson fathered children of a confused breed, heretofore smooth owned both(prenominal) hundred break wizards backs at a cartridge clip, when Adams spoke to the liberty of sla precise, does the playacting area cash in unriva lleds chips more(prenominal) level.This is peculiarly avowedly with David McCulloughs ledger antic Adams, which very sparked a congressional brainstorm into the spl mop upour of jakes Adams and a rethinking by the American creation, spoke close the be indicate of a man who was springy to the extract of this pertly prove called the American Republic. Adams is vilified to a certain degree for two actions forcing his insolence over the blemish of the 1800 election, non to cost the entry hot seat as is the economic consumption now, and the fear unknown quantity and revolution valet de chambre activitys of 1798 which horror-stricken Thomas Jefferson and helped flow to the one tour beaver booster stations, non to mouth to say to severally some opposite for separate xii years. two(prenominal) stern Adams and Thomas Jefferson bequeath be ceaselessly link together in American history. The second and third presidents of The unite States and on e clock surmount friends, who by and by(prenominal) became political rivals and has the specialisation of last on the homogeneous daytime the 50 day of remembrance of the sign of the resolving king of Independence, were giants in the quest for American Independence. posterior Adams, twice, served as a diplomatist to France both during the American conversion as thoroughly as in the years out remedy pursuance the fightfare. two Jefferson and Adams were very weighty quantify since historians afterward hailed cut function in the American mutation as what helped cancelled the heave of the war in the choose of the colonists. (McCullough, two hundred1 p. 322) And as the war was nearing its end, bathroom Adams wrote his states musical composition as hygienic as its promissory note of Rights. This formation, more than every other of its time, spread out these rights, to a great degree than had been seen previously. Adams was instrumental in procuring the immunity of African Americans, who in Jeffersons Virginia, would go on to be slaves or kick the bucket in slave like conditions strong afterwards the end of the urbane contend and condescension the rush of the 13th, fourteenth and fifteenth Amendments. simply it would not be until the 20th century that much(prenominal) ironies were abandoned their prudish attention. moreover it would be the characterization of the 1798 extraterrestrial and revolt figure out that would place and thurify all those that had been a erupt of the eddy of the Constitutions tear of Rights in 1791 and specifically, the initiative amendment which protected, among others, a somebodys right of indigent speech. (Burns, 1997) This pith has been spread out over the years just wherefore as tumefy as now, its first-yearborn fashion was to protect one who criticized the governance, from reprisal.The 1798 exotic and revolution scraps seemed to have intercourse in blunt kris to t his more or less(prenominal) sanctified of rights inside the American Constitution. It say That if whatever persons shall un legal philosophyfully link or bid together, with captive to match all measure or measures of the governance of the get together States, which are or shall be order by seemly authority, or to clog the surgical operation of any law of the fall in States Shall be penalise by a okay not portentous $5,000 or a term in prison house amidst tailfin months to sixsome years. (Commanger, 1947 p. 177) This Act would later be repealed precisely to see the unclouded of day again in 1918 during WWI. merely such(prenominal)(prenominal) measures, affright Thomas Jefferson and in solvent, wrote on with his friend crowd Madison, the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions which were in sharpen response to the confusion Acts and represent the get on divorce in the midst of the Federalist and democratic Parties, do horizontal wider by the ain di sunion caused by Adams and Jefferson.The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions ex bundle that no power over immunity of religion, liberty of speech, or liberty of the press macrocosm delegated by the unify States by the Constitution, nor proscribe by it to the states, all licit powers respecting the said(prenominal) did of right remain, and were reticent to the States, or to the battalion. (Commanger, 1947 p. 179) This meant that Jefferson, unceasingly distrusting of considerable political sympathies and in line with his precept in states rights, title that the federal official brass had no legal power in enforcing the alien and tumult Acts as headspring as the fact that such restrictions on sympathetice freedom was in depict contradiction to the Constitution and the ideals in which the American Revolution was fought in the first place.Everyone who had been locked up or fined down the stairs the noncitizen and confusion Act was every set free or reimbursed b y the federal government on with write apologies when Thomas Jefferson took over as chairman in surround of 1801.The contention among Jefferson and Adams, do unconstipated bigger by the vileness of the 1800 presidential election, lasted until 1812, when both were out of public office. Jefferson started a concord with Adams in what would hold out one of the nearly touching and burden fill up pieces of American literature. They both reminisced most their time together, hoping that this sample in human democracy called the join States was real qualifying to act or not. Apologies were not attached save alternatively mourning that so much time has been unconnected to two people that were so distinguished to the acres as advantageously as to for each one other, were show in the correspondence.And what has to be one of the superior coincidences in American history, two giants of American freedom who did not unendingly exert what they preached Adams enforce ment of the foreigner and sedition Acts, and Jefferson personally owning more than 200 slaves for most of his lifetime, plainly di silentery trusty for the intricacy of human rights in America, died on the fiftieth day of remembrance of the sign language of the settlement of Independence. severally died while facial expression that the other still lives. They were both right in that respect.

The apocalypse

I was on Brewers way when I perceive a subtle voicelessness eventiderywhither here I scanned the body politic, the area where but yesterday me and my copulate were chilling, took other glance. Stood at that place is the obliterate was my knocked out(p)strip companion Joana. He was b altogether all over at sightedness me, ball over that Vive been travel rough the streets beauteous and keep upnt encountered whatsoever(prenominal) of them things. Havent you verifyn any things. My tinder thudded. What things. Knew at that allude we were in something adult together, I couldnt hurt him, and weve been best span since for the first time school.As I verbalise that I motto a non- sporting staggered spectre eve across the congest of the church serviceyard. It travel with such jolt, promptly fear and froze on the spot. It was the standardised something out of the movies, deal something that shouldnt be palpable. corresponding something that could nt be real. Me and Joana went to research the churchyard to send off what this was, as it was the only action we have seen today. We undeter exploitd the render the hinges squealed as we pushed to door to. We stumbled shoot voltaic pile the pathway, legs resembling jelly, a transmit that would usually be so calm, was without delay so terrifying. permit the gall brininess of the diaphoresis that dripped mickle from my forehead rolling over me supercilium down my governing body and dribbled into my speak. The gargoyles on the church seemed as if they were real and were near to swoop up on you. all headst whizz glistened it was as if all the volume bury were stood up like an legions in physical composition permutation the gravestones. on the hearty the flowers were baseless and rotting, there was no excuse in sight. vertical the twilight(prenominal) color of the church and the dethaw yard advert of the trees.I comprehend a foolish let out from lag the shaded tree, mine and Jonahs patrol wagon started pumping, and we dour nearly to and got draw to sprint. We took one conclusion realize and this wicked wickedness was discharge rough the corner besides this wasnt no seat it was what we plow walkers of TV computer programmer and games. I looked at its cause mush was abeyance reach approximately its cheek, I could see at heart its look the whole pump was white with a tracing of grey. source about its mouth and teeth were malodourous and yellow.

The Commercialization of Football Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The commercialization of football game game - designation ExampleThe incline prime(a) union is one of the approximately luxurious uncontaminating unifys in the world. This league attracts football teams such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, etc (Soderman & Dolles, 2013). Players in this league atomic number 18 earning millions of dollars, and this is through their weekly salaries, and endorsements that they ar get from large companies such as AIG, Nike, Samsung, etc (White 2013). Because of the colossal amount of gold that is used by English teams to dedicate off their players, roughly of these cab arets are unceasingly in debts. An manikin is a club such as Manchester United, Liverpool and even Chelsea who are operating their end sheets out of deficits. The primary(prenominal) stakeholders to a football club are the owners, football managers, fans, the management, players, the organisation and the Football Association. These s takeholders match to play a role that has a level of run on a club. The influence of distributively can be direct or indirect to the club. If a club changes ownership like in the case of Liverpool football clubs acquisition, the debts of the club are transferred to the new owners (Chadwick 2010), and it is their duty to service the debt. In the ownership of the club, the establishment can influence to regulate the butt and limit the shock of the team acquisitions on the performance of the ownership. The Football Association is as well a major stakeholder in the league, and this is because it is responsible for setting up rules, and fixtures for the games. In fact, without the FA, thus the English Premier League would not be on that point (Kennedy and Kennedy 2014). These stakeholders unremarkably keep back different interests, and because of these differences they normally clash on most occasions. It is authoritative to explain that the major source of negate between football managers, players, and the management of the system of rules lies on the money.

The Afren Plc Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Afren Plc Company - Essay ExampleThe companys portfolios include about 15 assets rigid across six African states, including Nigeria, Gabon, Ghana, Sao Tome, Ivory Coast, and Congo (Gouyu, 201174). Currently, the business portfolios together produce about 26,000 barrels of oil in a single day. In addition, the company controls key regions that soon hold about 160 million oil barrels. The company started due to the initial idea of Rilwanu Lukman, who is a former chair, and currently controls about 3 % of the total companys shares. Currently, a number of institutional investors jointly own the company in conjunction with various banking and slap-up management businesses. Though it has its headquarters in London, UK, the companys main operations are in Nigeria, through its Nigerian branch, based at the Octagon expression in Lagos. The company also controls a 40 % stake in the First Hydrocarbon Nigeria Company (Hilyard, 2008159). The company started towards the end of the twelvemo nth 2004. Its inception came after a group of businesspersons joined to raise $ 1 million dollars for the start. They based their onslaught on the African sector on the ideology of intense focus and analyzing on the mode of operation of the African leaders and the continent in general. This strategy has been very roaring, as, over the years, it has enabled the company to venture into areas that were antecedently considered impenetrable in legal injury of suspicious administrations and heavy bureaucracy. The business achieved this through incorporating the local businesses, recruiting local employees, and involving itself with the citizens that wield control of the West Africa oil regions. The business initial transaction consisted of a chance to buy a small and untouched region situated in the Block 1 area of Nigeria (Michel, 2003199). The block was known as Sao Tome and Principe zone. After the successful transaction, the company embarked on a strategy that involved the developi ng of discovered but untouched regions into full production. This strategy also proved highly successful, as it helped the company to realize a production of about 14,000 oil barrels by the year 2010. Currently, the company is deeply involved in the C1-11, Lion flatulency Pant, and Okoro projects located in Nigeria and Cote de Ivoire. In addition, it has also started rolling out plans aimed at bringing the principal Ebok region to full-scale production by the end of the year (Plunkett, 2008413). The Ebok project is projected to hike the companys daily production output to about 40,000 barrels of oil in a day. As a result, the conglomerate is currently enjoying the surging cash flow advantages from its increased output and sales. This has brought significant benefits, as the business has now been able to branch out from its previously British-based fiscal systems o the US-based systems, which consider cash flow levels more highly. This move has catapulted the drastic rise of the com panys share price up tenfold from the previous levels in January 2009 (Larry, 2012374). Since its advent in 2004, the venture has realized substantial progress and growth over the last several years. In 2005, the company managed to arrive about 11 million pounds in operating cash. It did this through the selling off around 24.4 million of its ordinary shares. In the same year, it also entered

DiaoYu Islands Problems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DiaoYu Islands Problems - Research Paper Example lacquerese regime despite numerous negotiations, which China has initiated to resolve the wrangle amicably and effectively, it has disregarded these efforts (Xinhua, 2012a). Hence, resulting in other ways meant to trigger more conflicts by being uncooperative and not adhering to the already established treaties. Primarily, this is evident from the Nipponese regime deploying patrol boats in the wet close to the islands and interfering with fishing activities in the world (Hui & Dan, 2010). This is regardless of the clear prove evident from the numerous regions having Chinese names both near and in the Islands hence implying the islands did not belong to them as they are currently claiming. Japans interfering has somehow affected economic activities that ought to have started in the area beside fishing (Lee, 2011). For instance, petroleum exploits, which according to some studies the area seems to have underground reserves lying idle . In addition, this unjustified wrangle fueled by Japan with the aid of US behind the scenes has interfered with the necessary cohesion amid the two states (Xinhua, 2012b). Chinese after realizing Japan is not ready for peaceful negotiations recently has started declining to import product from them, hence weakening the then strong trade ties (Hui & Dan, 2010).Judging from my opinion, the inception of DiaoYu Islands has led to the weakening of Japan-China trade ties (Xinhua, 2012). Mainly, this is evident from the recent Chinese demonstrations where they boycotted using Japanese products citing their trading partners malicious decision to purchase DiaoYu Islands (Zhongqi, 2007). Consequently, yielding to the decline of exports to China, this acts as the Japanese greatest exporting destinations besides EU, US and the ASEAN (Xinhua, 2012).

See the topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See the topic - Assignment ExampleShe finds it difficult to find her identity in gender as she had young-bearing(prenominal) instincts with a male body. She narrates her familys history and the beginning of her gene mutation that was aimed at transforming her DNA in order to fully exist in the effeminate gender. In order to solve her gender confusion problem, she introduces her body to unique genetic make-up.On realizing Dr. Luces plan, Calliope runs away and pitchs her identity to Cal who is a boy. Cal relocates to San Francisco where he finds a job in a club that eventually gets raided by the police and he ends up being arrested for being an underage worker. Cals family comes to squirrel away him in jail so as to attend his grandfathers burial. This is where he finds out that his grandparents were siblings which resulted to his genital crisis but promises the grandmother to keep the secret gutter after her grandmothers death.People with improper genetalia structure experience difficulties in the labour market as a result of their transsexual in gender. Many of these people are natural with a gender type different from their kind perception of themselves (Nanda 114). They tend to change their gender to suit their mental comfort at a later stage in life. This forces them to change their original identity to suit their ultimate gender type. They are forced to change their names in all their legal documents which is a long process thus affecting their potential in the labour market as the faulting process (Agustn 167).Slaughter uses the phrase having it all in reference to Calliopes gender confusion. The phrase summarizes the life of Calliope in some(prenominal) the male and female gender forms. This is portrayed in the first chapter of the novel Middle sex when Calliope begins her life story by saying, I was born twice, first as a girl in 1960 and then again as a teenage boy (Eugenides 3). Calliope Stephanides had improper genes which made her

Application of entry essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application of entry - Essay ExampleManaging financial flows I was also thrilled when working with mickle and satisfying their needs. Thats why I was involved into recruitment and orientation as well as training and human resource policy.Later on I followed the path of counseling recruits and developing training programs. This work was bringing me a lot of pleasure as it involved research and ripening of recent approaches which contributed to the enhancement of the staff skills as well as mine.My recruitment and counseling experience made me understand people better. Managing people and bringing changes into their perceptions and beliefs requires robust lead skills. Particularly these are important when you are going to bring in changes through different training initiatives. I successfully managed to implement professional development programs and to make them as effective as possible.The next fascinating aspect in business is the ability to manage financial flows more efficient ly as it is all about well-being of people and their families. Working as a payroll specialist I was aware of the importance of my work for hundreds of people. Processing multi-state payrolls for everywhere 800 employees I felt responsibility for the prosperity of every of them.Through my career these two aspects financial and humanitarian intertwined into one amazing journey into life of thousands of people. During my studies I am going to incorporate substantial skills acquired when working as a payroll specialist and a recruiter.My personal statement about education is that it is the commission to accomplish oneself and bring in a change into the life of other people. During the years of work I became aware of the need to initiate these changes in myself. I have a strong intention to enlarge my knowledge about business and accomplish it with theory. My practical experience will be a trade good back up for generating new knowledge and developing new vision of management in al l

I'm attaching a document. Read the background information about Essay

Im attaching a document. Read the background information about bacteria, antibiotics, and the evolution of antibiotic resistance at this site - Essay Examplewater or food) and susceptible person. If any of these factors are changed or eradicated the infection will not spread widely and the epidemic will be stopped. For example we can change magnitude immunity by the vaccination or break the way of transmission by the provision of safe food or potable water.Definite doagnosis could be provided only after laboratory tests but we can suppose several gastrointestinal diseases. There are bacterial dysentery (shigellosis), protozoal dysentery (amebiasis), salmonellosis, enteroviral infection and staphylococcal intoxication. correspondingly possible microbial pathogens could be named as shigellae (various species and strains), amoeba hystolitica, salmonella spp., eneroviridae spp. and staphylococcus auresus. Nevertheless the incubation period for staphylococcal intoxication usually is les s than 12 hours. In the described case the data about the time frame of clinical signs are omitted thus we could take this type of microbial poisoning in the account.To bend such cases there is necessary to improve hygienic skills of family members especially in the part of cooking and food preserving, educate them about the threats of microbial food-borne diseases. Proper thermal processing of food products, avoiding food with expired date or signs of spoiling could be important also. Hand washing is a key element of infection control and there is important to provide adequate treatment for family members having chronic intestinal infections.3. Weese JS, Rousseau J. Survival of Salmonella Copenhagen in food bowls following contamination with through an experiment inoculated raw meat effects of time, cleaning, and disinfection. Can Vet J. 2006 Sep47(9)887-9.5. Callaway TR, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. The hygiene hypothesis and foodborne illnesses too much of a good thing, or is our food allow for too clean? Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006 Fall3(3)217-9. No abstract

Work Now trends (complete part one) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Work Now trends (complete part one) - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, this gives the temporary employees a put on the line to determine their level of interest in that company. Working as a temporary employee gives the employees an advantage over the impertinent applicants in meters of a nihility announcement. In the recent research, about 58% of the employers will prefer to pick the temporary workers in the next five or so years to external applicants (Jim, 2006).People working as temporary employers have a chance to associate with employees who may help them gain the permanent position or at times provide them with leads, and end up getting better positions elsewhere. Other than the above-mentioned impacts of temp-to-fulltime to the employer, the costs associated with hiring permanent workers is higher compared to that of the temporary employees. As the main civilize of any business is maximization of profits, this strategy saves on costs hence, more profit. People go for temp orary jobs for experience, extra cash or if they have no other source of income.However, temp-to-fulltime strategy has its own shortcomings. With this kind of employment, nothing is guaranteed. Sometimes a company genuinely needs a temporary employee for just a specified time for various reasons. It gets frustrating for a person who took up that job with expectations of ever having that position permanently. One has to try to be perfect in everything, as the slightest mistake would mean immediate dismissal. This is not fair for everyone makes mistakes. These employees enjoy lesser benefits and lower income compared to their counterpart. This is despite the fact that they often do most of the work.The dress hat secret to make any temporary job a permanent one is to perform excellently and assimilate into the company and its culture in the shortest time possible. Coming in early, offering to stay late in the office, complete the given assignment, and presenting it in time and having the right mindset are

Coca-Cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coca-Cola Company - Essay ExampleIts main brand is certainly Coca-Cola itself, which is the globes best-recognized and most precious brand. Nevertheless, the business sells roughly viosterol additional beverage products varying from deviations like Diet Coke and brother products, for example, Fanta and Sprite to an enormous choice of carbonated and noncarbonated fluid-centered beverages. Progressively more Coca-Cola has found that its absolute size endeavors next to it. Competition powers now observe the businesss every shift, efficiently ruling out the attainment of anything except marginal goods and market percolation and economic recessions in both up-and-coming and full-grown markets caused sales expansions to cut out for more than ten years. Ever since 2006, although, the companys execution has commenced to fizz once more, generally through belligerent development of non-cola goods, comprising bottled water (Anpad, 2011, 6).In the current globalized market, businesses have p erceived the internationalization of their actions as a means to be competitive. Judgment-making relating to the global marketing variety has turned into being severe particularly due to control this understanding influences performance. Therefore, many authors have depicted the need for investigation that connects standardization and enrollment to performance (Calantone et al, 2004, 45). In spite of such support, no accord on the association flanked by the two previous and the other has yet been attained. The writing regarding which is the unsurpassed verdict is still open to doubt, believing the consequence (optimistic or pessimistic) of standardization and adjustment on performance. A number of authors consider that an affiliation amid standardization and performance never exists. Others, in distinction, have established a constructive link amid the adaptation of the merchandise and its performance. For this reason, the conformity concerning the outcomes of these policies on performance symbolizes a breach in the writing (Zou & Cavusgil, 2002, 34) that this study aspires to accomplish. Even though, companies policies might sway performance, the outcomes hitherto are non decisive, particularly those that cope with the connections amid the promotion mix and performance (Shoham, 2002). In addition, distant and confusing outcomes have come from the writing, whirling marketers judgment making into a tricky strategy. This inconsistency bellows for the progress of more brief and precise theories, techniques, and tactical frameworks, given that marketers require understanding under which conditions each policy emerges to be additionally suitable. Other researchers have formerly attempted to comprehend the relationships amid the marketing mix constituents and performance, other than they had diverse objectives. Leonidou, Katsikeas and Samiee (2002, 14), suggested a research in which there was also a meta-analysis conduction to appraise the associations amid t he marketing mix parts and performance. However, their analysis did not believe adjustment and standardization of the mix factors, and was as well centered on a more multifaceted structure that embraced additional variables and forebears. Shoham (2002) examined the extent of homogeny of the marketing mix concerning a satisfaction-centered performance gauge, but he specially deemed the export promotion mixs extent of consistency and export planning tack on sell overseas performance. Explicitly, in place of this study, he tested the extent of standardization/adjustment policy, and not as a discrete approach, as this paper treats it. To conclude, Theodosiou and Leonidou (2003, 90) have as well researched the associations

North Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

North Movie Review - Essay ExampleThe researcher of this essay states that this photo is an ideal example of the failure of a marketing plan. The movie is North. Released in 1994, North is a movie based on a novel by Alan Zweibel. Though it was directed by famous overload Reiner, who directed movies like When Harry Met Sally, The Princess bride and the Sure thing, that were well-known and greatly accepted by the critics, still the movie lacks a strong plot. The base revolves around a kid named North, is panic stricken about his parents arguments and wants to divorce them. The researcher also states that actors in the movie did well. However, some instalment of the movie was just superfluous and can be trimmed. The audience feedbacks and the critics reviews disclose an important characteristic, Audience too has brains and they are not fools. Technology, supererogatory effects, lots of money, good actors etc. all will go in vain if the storyline is not appealing. The researcher t hen concluds that not only a movie was badly written and had meaningless characters in it, such as a cowboy, a beach bum and the Easter bunny, but also the movie has a negative impact on the kids of the society because all the kids got influenced by the movie and kept on threatening to leave their parents like North did in the film. One more thing can be concluded from the review is that a plan should be tested on the maker himself before he decides to launch it in the market. Similarly the director would have analyzed the taste of his audience before making North.

Wireless systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wireless systems - Research Paper ExampleIn last couples of decades wireless communications, systems on with their applications and underlying technologies atomic number 18 among the closely momentive area of development and enjoy the fastest growth in history. The rapid development in this regards has turned the world into a global resolution (Prassad, and Ruggieri 2). Basic Building Blocks/Components of Wireless Systems Since wireless communication involves number of technologies and their applications hence similar to wired communication there exist a wide wheel of equipments (both at transmitter and receiver ends) to execute communication task by propagating light or radio waves through a medium. However in border sense a wireless system consists of following primary network components. a) Users- The exploiters of a wireless system tail assembly be anything including human beings. The users can be mobile or stationary. The basic function of a user is to initiate and termi nate the use of a wireless network, making the term end-user appropriate. b) Client- The sulfur major primary component of a wireless network is a computer gimmick designed according to specific need, generally termed as a client. A client works on certain operating systems the likes of as Windows XP, LINUX, or MAC OS etc. Similar to a user a client can be mobile or stationary. For mobile support applications, client devices are generally small and handy (fig.1) with display and keyboard along with a battery power backup (Geier 37). Fig.1 Wireless Devices c) Network Interface Card- Network interface card (NIC) provides an interface between a network device and a wireless network. Depending on requirements, NIC can be a part of a client or as external network adaptor as shown in fig.2. Wireless NICs are designed to meet certain form factors like Industry-Standard Architecture (ISA), Fig. 2 NICs Peripheral Component certain form factors like Industry-Standard Architecture (ISA), Peri pheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and PC Card etc. These factors actually define the physical and electrical bus interface that enables the card to act as a bridge to carry communication between a computer device and wireless network (Geier 38). d) Medium- A wireless system uses a medium like air to propagate its signals (radio or light waves) from sender to receiver. Various modulation schemes like amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM) are used to propagate the signal over long distances (Kennedy, and Davis 3). Wireless Systems The development of various wireless systems is a wide area of express day research. Following is a brief overview of current wireless systems. a) Cellular- Cellular wireless communication comprising 1G (AMPS, IS-41, ETACS) 2G (USDC-IS136, GSM, CDMA-IS-95), 2.5G (CDPD, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA1-IS-95B), 3G (TDS-CDMA, CDMA2000 1X, 2X) and futuristically the 4G networks is the major contributor of wireless cellular systems ( Li 19). b) Private expeditious Radio- The private mobile radio (PMR) is another important category of wireless systems. Analog, digital, mesh and emerging technologies including cognitive radio and software defined radio (SDR) are important categories of private mobile wireless

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment 1 - Essay ExampleExperts predict that technology in the next 25 years go away animate the world to something never seen before. They predict that quantum technology pull up stakes be possible such that the computers will be able to harness the power of the atom to serve in performing computational tasks. The current computers are electronic and therefore they only store information in 1s or 0s but with this technology it will be possible to store both and this will increase processing capability (The Observer).Another prediction that is do is that our smart phones that we use today will have the power of a super computer at that time surpassing the capabilities of the servers that we have today. The phones will alike have increased memory and the capability to connect to a high powered network that it will be easy for anyone to access massive kinds of information. It will overly be possible to store all your information in a back-up cloud so that in case it is lost you only essential to identify yourself and you have all your information (Gates).Another prediction is that I will be possible to speak to your computer such that there will be no need for a key board or a mouse, you will talk to the computer and tell it to perform a addicted operation with ease. It will be possible to use natural language on computers as they will be able to learn and recognize their errors and mistakes. For case the Watson system developed by IBM that interacts with humans is one such example of what to expect in the future (Marsan).It is also predicted that everything will be digitized and accessible all over the internet from personal information to corporate information, to history and education. All these will be scanned and stored on the internet and they will be searchable. The content will also be personalized so that an individual will receive the article, books, music or even movies that march their interest. This storage on the internet will break the death of certain kinds

How the US corperate tax effects international business Essay

How the US corperate taxation effects international business - Essay ExampleThe linked Kingdom corporations understructure export its products to the United States marketplace. German corporations batch sell products and services to the Saudi Arabian marketplace. The Canada corporations can sell products to the current and future customers in California or New York. The United States corporations may logical implication raw materials from China. The United States corporations can convert the imported raw materials into a new saleable product. The United States corporations can sell the new saleable products to both markets. The first market is the local United States marketplace, and the second market is the international marketplace. All countries form part of the United States companies international business environment. Consequently, importing countries open tariffs and duties for the imported goods. In the United States, Section 482 of the United States Tax Code shows t he different importing liabilities (Paul 239). Further, the United States corporate tax affects international business. With higher tax rates, there is lesser cash inflow percentages applied to selling the United States companies products in the global marketplace. ... With the tax rate at 15 percent, the United States corporations can only allocate 85 percent of the total annual taxable income to producing and selling the companies products and services in the global marketplace (Whittenburg and Altus (2010) 35). Higher United States taxes caution imports into the United States market With the high tax rates, companies hardened in other countries may be discouraged from selling their products in the United States market. Some corporations located in United Kingdom will prefer to sell their products locally because the local corporate tax rate (30 percent) is scorn than the United States corporate tax rate (39 percent), reducing United States imports. Likewise, several corporatio ns located in Canada will prefer to sell their goods within Canada because the local corporate tax rate (36 percent) is lower than the United States corporate tax rate (39 percent), lessening United States imports. Some corporations located in Ireland are persuaded to sell their products within Ireland because exporting their products into the United States marketplace with unfavorably higher 39 percent corporate tax profits is less profitable (Whittenburg and Altus (2010) 35). With higher tax rates, the exporting countries will receive lesser after tax cash inflows from selling their products current to future customers in the United States (Whittenburg and Altus (2010) 453). Tax rate adjustments will increase United States imports To increase the United States imports, the United States government must institute better tax rates. The United States government must lower the United States tax rates to more allowable levels. The United States government can lower the tax rates to a figure that will be near to the 30 tax rate level. This

World Trade Organizations Dispute Settlement Mechanism Thesis

World Trade Organizations Dispute Settlement instrument - Thesis ExampleThe author of the paper states that the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism should secure the rule of law within international trade and provide all members with opportunities to exercise their rights equally under multilateral trade agreements. But, even later ten years, there still are many countries which havent have the option to initiate a dispute. The system has been critically analyzed and the solutions have been proposed that DSM should break the monarchy and hero-worship of developed countries and secure the ontogeny.An international organization, theWorld Trade Organization(WTO) was designed to supervise and liberalize international was came into being on 1 January 1995. It is the descendant of GATT theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which was organize in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization.Most of the academic literature, even in its more critical versions, fly the coop to share this basic assumption with the designers of the DSM. The DSM is conceptualized as a legal system where the same rules apply to countries on an equal basis, and where cases are judged according to their merits. This principle is incarnated in the AB, which has developed a case law with this emphasis.A final set of honorings from this literature focuses on biases and inequalities within and between institutions managing trade, including the WTO in general and the DSM in cross (Busch and Reinhardt, 2003 Shaffer, 2003). Here, the main problem identified is that the DSM (and the WTO) has become too technically complex and demanding for most developing countries to use effectively in the absence of adequate assistance. Originally, this is the observation that there are too much law and too little politics in the system. The implicit biases of systems of trade rules, including the DSM, in favor of powerful countries - fortify through the d ominance of judicial forms of rule-making - have been noted by some contributors to the literature (for example, Busch and Reinhardt, 2001).Initial studies of developing country participation in WTO dispute stoppage found that they were unable to use the system effectively to settle cases, although they had expected levels of success when cases went before panels and the Appellate Body.161 This suggested that there was a need for more discipline and assistance to developing countries to enable them to handle the initial stages of dispute gag rule more effectively. More recent experience suggests that at least the major developing countries - and quite a few Latin American countries in general - have become more effective in using dispute settlement overall, including in using it to obtain early settlements. The establishment of the Advisory Centre on WTO Law and the dispute settlement training activities of the WTO Secretariat and others should help keep in line that developing countries continue to made progress on this front (Busch and Reinhardt, 2001).

The importance of authenticity in cultural tourism Essay

The importance of receivedity in cultural touristry - Essay ExampleThe danger posed by cultural tourism is that grow may be lost. This is because the culture of the tourists and the culture of the natives may become intermingled, and there is no authenticity left. According to the view of those who coin the term hyper-reality, the firmness of purpose is that the distinction between inauthenticity and authenticity argon collapsed. Therefore, authenticity is lost, and redefined according to a new paradigm that includes the mixing of tourist culture. This is obviously detrimental to the native populations, whose culture and rituals have been passed down from one generation to the next, and have a profound interest in keeping their culture alive.A nonher danger is that native lot may be exploited through inauthentic cultural shows. A heartfelt example of this is the Maasai people who were on display at a Kenyan ranch owned by a wealthy Briton. The Maasai people put on a show for th e wealthy visitors, and lived in mud huts on the property. They were not allowed to interact, and they were treated as one might treat animals in the zoo strictly for display and entertainment. While the wealthy British people who viewed this spectacle politely clap, the Maasai atomic number 18 being stereotyped and humiliated. This is clearly the wrong way to go about cultural tourism. On the other hand, interactive experiences, where tourists immerse themselves in native culture, is authentic and allows natives to display their culture with pride. Other authentic displays of native rituals, such as the Balinese, who perform rituals not for the entertainment of the people but for the worship of their gods, is another good way for the natives to retain their culture while teaching tourists about the same. This paper will explore the theories behind cultural displays, why authenticity is important, what obstacles there are to authenticity, and will make a recommendation based on th ese findings. A theoretical discussion of authenticity and culture in tourism Authenticity in culture tourism takes place on a variety of planes and is impacted by a variety of things. Wang et al. (1999) posits that authenticity in cultural tourism is complex. The antecedent for the complexity is because authenticity may be either defined as objective, inferential or existential. Objective authenticity comes from the ability to judge authenticity in an objective manner. Therefore, even if the tourists feel that something is authentic, it may nevertheless be inauthentic if it is objectively judged to be so. Constructive authenticity, on the other hand, means that objects are judged to be authentic by shifting standards, according to power structures, points of view, beliefs or perspectives. Therefore, constructive authenticity cannot be objectively measured, as it is a relative standard, contextually unconquerable and ever-evolving (Wang et al., 1999, p. 351). Moreover, cultural h eritage may be politicized, in that heritage may defined or re-defined to serve national needs. Such is the case in China, and this contributes to constructive authenticity as well (Sofield & Li, 1998, p. 364). The third way that authenticity is defined, according to Wang et al. (1999) is existentially. This means that the person feels self-actualized while viewing these cultural items, and, basically, the

Comparison of Associate Degree and Bsn Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Associate Degree and Bsn EssayThere are three pathways to amaze a Registered Nurse (RN) the first is a diploma nurse which consist of one to three years genteelness in a infirmary these nurses are strongest clinic altogethery since the training is usually hospital based. The other two choices are the Associate Degree Nurse (ADN) and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurse (BSN) all of these graduates are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN licensing exam. This paper depart discuss the differences in the competency levels between the ADN and BSN. The Associate Degree Nursing program provides an efficient, economical pathway to becoming a registered nurse.Graduates are competent in clinical and proficient in technical skills undeniable to practice safely in multiple settings and to fully assume the RN role. Associate Degree Programs began in 1952 at Fairleigh Dickinson University. This type of nurse is usually educated at community colleges and completes training in twenty to t wenty-four months after pre-requisites are met. The facts would suggest that ADN has little theory and more clinical training and according to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing- accompaniment Sheet Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce is less(prenominal) likely to notice a critical change in longanimous condition.The BSN completes their four years of education at the University level training is more centre on patient outcomes and nursing theories. Receiving more theoretical training they are separate prepared for management. Also multiple studies show that due to their assessing, critical thinking,communication, leadership, shift management, health promotion and their ability to practice across a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings the BSN trained RN has a lower mortality rate and better survival rates for patient resuscitation.(AACN Fact Sheet 2011) At the University of Pennsylvania it was found that surgical patients in Magnet hospitals had 14% lower odds of patient death, 12% lower failure-to-rescue rates when compared with non-Magnet hospitals. This improved outcome was attributed to the higher proportion of baccalaureate prepared nurses on staff. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship published an member in January 2011, researchers found that nurses with baccalaureate education levels had an impact on lowering patient mortality and failure-to-rescue rates.(AACN, 2012) To date it is not sure why advance training improves patient safety and saves lives RNs report a transformative experience when returning for their Baccalaureate degree with changed perspectives about nursing practice and finally tranceing the big picture. placement BSN RNs noticed changes in the way they practiced nursing and in knowledge and professionalism they also reported becoming better patient advocates RNs reported noticing subtle changes in their perceptions which included changes in thinking, reasoning and questioning skills.(Whats all t he Fuss http//www. nsna. org/careercenter/fuss. aspx). Having a BSN opens more employment opportunities in 2005 the Department of Veterans Affairs began requiring all new hires to possess at least a BSN degree. (AACN 2013). And soon many more hospitals will be requiring the BSN degree. In time we may even see the passing of the ADN. As one of the well-nigh dynamic professions nursing requires us to keep our educational knowledge current and progressive to continually meet the ever changing needs of patients to provide excellent care.In 2007 the American Association of Colleges of Nursing based on the Institute of Medicines (IOM) report, To Err is Human Building a Safer Health System, found that most errors were due to system and process problems and felt that BSN and higher educated nurses were better prepared to find solutions because of the curriculum stress on leadership and management. (AACN, 2007) The BSN prepared RN has the educational knowledge to excel in leadership and management, wellness and community nursing.The need for higher education is required as the nurse role increasingly becomes more autonomous and as society depends more on the RN to complement the Physician shortage our earth is facing. The baccalaureate degree also leads to higher level graduate degree programs, which greatly benefits the health system. Overall in my opinion each type of nursing degree diploma, ADN or BSN contributes in its own way to the workforce environment. By bringing different aspects of nursing, they all provide quality patient care and become leaders in the workplace.Yet, ADN programs offer an affordable means to access the nursing profession andoffer the nation its largest population of RNs. For those with adult responsibilities it gives one of the most flexible ways to earn their degree by use of LVN to ADN to BSN ladder of education. References 1. (2011). Conceptual foundations the bridge to professional nursing practice . (5 ed. ).Pageburst. 2. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/EdImpact. pdf Fact Sheet The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice 3. Fulcher, R. , Mullin, C. M. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. aacc. nche. edu/Publications/Briefs/Documents/2011-02PBL_DataDrivenNurses.pdf 4. AACN. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/publications/position/bacc-degree-prep The Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing as Minimal preparedness for Professional Practice 5. Orsolini-Hain, L. (n. d. )Retrieved from http//www. nsna. org/CareerCenter/Fuss. aspx Whats all the Fuss? Working Towards a Baccalaureate or Graduate Degree in Nursing 6. Robert, R. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-fact-sheet 7. Rosseter, R. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-workforce.

Chemistry in Daily Life Essay Example for Free

Chemistry in Daily Life Essay1.You aroma hungry because of the satiety center in your brain falls short of particular hormones to function and then sends the signal of hunger. 2.You fall in love, get attracted and use up a feeling of belonging because of certain monoamines inclose in your brain which get stimulated finished nerve sensors. 3.If you have wondered, why is the sky blue, it is collectible to a phenomenon called the Rayleigh scattering, which depends on scattering of light through particles which are much smaller than the wavelength. Hence when light passes through gases, there is scattering and the sky appears blue.4.Coffee keeps you evoke because of the presence of a chemical called adenosine, in your brain. It binds to certain receptors and slows the nerve cell activity when sleep is signaled. 5.Anaerobic fermentation is also a great concept which is present in the chemistry of everyday life. It is present in yogurt, breads, cakes and many other baking produc ts. It is the multiplication of certain useful bacteria which increase the size of the pabulum and make it more filling and soft. 6.Soap is formed by molecules with a head which likes water (hydrophilic) and a long chain which hates it (hydrophobic).7.Lactose is the main complex sugar tack in the milk. Its a pretty big compound formed by two smaller components glucose and galactose. Such a big compound cannot get through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream, so we need something to break it into smaller pieces. This something is an enzime named lactase. The more milk and milk products we consume, the more lactase we need. 8.The iodised salt is a incumbent intake. It prevents a disease called goitre. 9.In the garden we use sprays to kill insects from attacking our plants. 10.Vermiwash is a liquid fertilizer. It isused as a leaf spray.

Peking man Essay Example for Free

capital of Red China objet dart EssayThe hypothesis of evolution is backed up by dodos of the Peking man found in China during the early twentieth century. The current clement species is believed to be the descendant of the homosexual erectus, our predecessor species with a smaller brain and unsloped stature the Peking man is a subspecies of this separate and the corresponding fossil remains were estimated to be nearly 550,000 long time old.However, recent Chinese fossil findings conducted by Nanjing Normal University in 2008 suggest the age of a Peking man skull to be at least 750,000 years old. The Homo erectus species is believed to have moved from Africa roughly 2 Million years ago to Asia. The new estimated age of the Peking man fossils puts forward the possibility of two different subspecies having settled in different parts of Asia during the same timeline. The Homo erectus species had inhabited China and other parts of Southeast Asia for over half a million year s.According to University of Iowas Russell Ciochon, the Peking man is likely to have coexisted with other Homo erectus subspecies while one group of Homo erectus is assumed to have settled passel in subtropical areas of Zhoukoudian in China, the unfamiliar weather could have driven the other group Southeast which could have evolved into what we today refer to as Peking man (Handwerk 2009). Ciochon uses the phrase fork in the road as an analogy to explain this situation (Handwerk 2009). This subspecies is assumed to have possessed the ability to light up tools out of stone and walk upright.Also, its brain size being almost 75% the size of a Homo erectus makes its the closest descendant to human beings. The other group of Homo erectus settled in Zhoukoudian is believed to have enjoyed a good supply of food and familiar environment, giving rise to the subspecies Homo erectus pekinensis. The earlier timeline would also mean that this subspecies lived in a more pleasant climate in the grasslands. Moreover, fossil evidence of animal bones indicates that this group of Homo erectus settled in China consumed meat.This inviting proposition of food and pleasant weather could have given raise to the early Homo sapiens to migrate from Africa to Asia. Homo sapiens are quite different from Homo erectus since they are marked by a more rounded skull, divided brow ridge, and mentum (Platt 2008). One school of thought spearheaded by Hou Ya-mei of Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology points out the possibility of modern Homo sapiens coexisting, interbreeding or even fighting with Homo erectus, thereby observing the theory of survival of the fittest in action (Platt 2008).The present human race is believed to have originated out of Africa 60,000 years ago. The differences in Homo erectus fossil patterns in Asia and other parts of the world had given rise to discrepancy, which can be explained by a secondary migration from Africa (University Of Cambridge). however though this theory makes sense to an extent, Susan Anton of New York University is pessimistic about the supporting data given to back up claims of two separate settlements of Homo erectus.She precisely mentions the possibility of any number of migrations can be claimed, but those claims will continue to be void without strong supporting evidence. She furthers states that evidence such as the routes taken by the Homo erectus groups or a central cohesive point of origin in Africa would be needed to connect the Out of Africa theory and these claimed migrations. However, Anton concludes by admitting that this theory and the change in the timeline would help explain why the Homo erectus had persisted longer in continental Asia. Reference Handwerk, B. (2009, Mar 12).Peking gay Lived 200,000 Years Earlier Than Thought. National Geographic News. Retrieved 24 March, 2009, http//news. nationalgeographic. co. in/news/2009/03/090312-peking-man. html Platt, K. H. (2008, Feb 20). Ances tral Human Skull Found in China. National Geographic News. Retrieved 24 March, 2009, http//news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2008/02/080220-china-fossil. html University Of Cambridge (2007, May 10). New Research Confirms Out Of Africa Theory of Human Evolution. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http//www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2007/05/070509161829. htm

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Work Social Work Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Work Social Work EssayTo look at life-span organic evolution, we desire to be certain of what it is, although the inwardness is within the name. It looks at how a normal person develops without the life-span. This process begins between conception and surrender, the miracle of pregnancy where a one-celled organism develops into a foetus and fin all(prenominal)y a newborn baby emerges into the world. The using of this developing electric razor is affected by the world around them. Affecting growth and at scathing points earth-closet alter their genetic characteristics, which are developed within the womb, and the expression of these characteristics.our exploration begins at birth, where who we are and go forth ultimately become is a life-long endeavour. (http//www.learner.org/discoveringpsychology/ reading/ 2001)In this assignment I am going to look at the infant period of the life-span. Development occurs across three separate ye t overlap domains. Biological, which looks at how the body matures, grows and changes. Psycho affable looks at an individuals personality and emotions and also their social expectations and interactions. Cognitive involves the mental processes of knowing which includes problem solving, imagining, reasoning and perceiving.According to Erikson (1950) there are 8 maps of using beginning with 0-1 year old, basic send versus basic mis avow. This involves trusting that things will happen either by the babys own ability or trust that the childs anguish giver will provide what is collected. A key element in Eriksons theory is based on a secure holdfast being made.This ties in with Bowlbys attachment theory (1969), as he believes a secure base must be formed in early years through attachment. He believes this attachment will impact future relationships. For example, attachment in adult intimate relationships pot mirror earlier attachmentsin childhood, resulting in prejudicious or positive attachments throughout the life-span.Eriksons second stage of development is for 2-3 year olds, autonomy versus chagrin, doubt. At this age childrens biological development includes learning to grasp, walk and another(prenominal) physical abilities which ultimately lead to free choice. The child begins to show control, for example with toilet training. However they may also develop a feeling of shame if the training is not handled adequately. Children need to be enabled to assert some control over their environment. Success with this leads the child to feeling a sense of purpose. However this require to be balanced as the children who exert too much power can experience disapproval from their care giver which will result in the child feeling guilty.In social work physical exercise some theories brook influenced social work over the years. One example is psychosocial casework which in many an(prenominal) ways is a development from psychodynamic theory in particular th e ego psychology of writers such as Erikson. However Thompson criticises Eriksons work on human development as he feels itdoes tend to lack awareness of broader social issues (the significance of gender, for example) (Thompson, 2009, p89)A key theory I touched on briefly is attachment. In 1970 Ainsworth and Bell conducted a study which looked at the individual differences in attachment. They used a test called the strange stake to conduct the experiment it involved mothers and 1 year old infants being observed by researchers in a play-room through a two way mirror. This study is applicable in practice as the social worker is the stranger. This is why the situation should be observed and record made of what occurs. As a social workers experience grows they may meet to what they observe on an attachment style.According to Bowlbys research there are lots of issues affecting attachment, for example, a mother suffering from post-natal depression may amaze trouble bonding with her chi ld. This can have long-term effects on the child. However the child can form an attachment with another care giver. Although Bowlby insists on it being the mother this does not have to be the case, as children can adapt and attach to any care giver, as long as all needs are adequately met.Attachment is sensible throughout the entire life-span not only in infancy. Every person has an attachment style that is extraordinary to them. However a secure base is still needed as early attachment is crucial. When a child has a good early attachment they will learn to trust a new care giver because the child has previously learnt to trust. This again links Bowlby and Eriksons theories to fixher, both putting attachment and trust as key issues in infancy.The intimacy of attachment is greatest at this early stage of infancy. Its difficult to get more intimate, than a vulnerable child with their primary care giver. There are 3 different kinds of attachment styles, ambivalent, secure and avoida nce. Some attachment styles work well together and others dont. A social workers assessment in attachment styles is vital especially in adoption. As an ambivalent parent, who is very needy for love, this would clash with an avoidance child, whose reaction would be get away from me.Although Bowlbys theories are widely respected some feel his particularisedation of the care giver being the mother as sexist. However his theory is valid and can be used with any care giver the child has and is vital in social work theory.A number of theorists have reconceptualised Bowlbys natural working model of attachment, which regulates communication with significant others, as a form of regulatory implicit rational memory (Bremmer and Slater, 2004, p208)This shows how Bowlbys attachment theory can be used as a base to support other theorists.Another key theorist for this stage of development is Freud. Freud (1905) believes that from the moment of birth the infants actions are driven by their desi re for sexual and bodily pleasure. In infancy there are 3 stages to go through, the oral stage, the anal stage and the phallic stage. The initial oral stage is satisfied through sucking, for feeding. The second anal stage is released through the act of defecation. The final stage in infancy, the phallic stage is released through the infants interest in their sexual organs.Freud himself recognises the universal outrage that his theory was met with.Few of the findings of psychoanalysis have met with such universal contradiction or have ablaze(p) such an outburst of indignation as the assertion that the sexual function starts at the beginning of life and reveals its presence by important signs even in childhood. And yet no other findings of analysis can be demonstrated so easily and so completely. (Freud, 1925a 216-217 cited in Thurschwell, 2009, p40)Looking at all the theorists and the life-span development in general gives you a benchmark of the norm. This enables us through the ass essment process of any potential abnormalities that may be occurring. The theories are each relevant as they allow us to view why children exhibit certain behaviours. Theory is an integral part of social work, and the necessary tools needed are fellowship skills and values. Having adequate knowledge means knowing the relevant information, which when skilfully applied makes competent social work practice.Social workers need to be aware of the great unwashed as ever growing individuals, with a past, present and future. It is vital to understand that service users are constantly changing and adapting to their surrounding environment. Children are not still miniature adults, they are their own individuals with separate wants and needs. We need to take this into account when dealing with children, and not talk around them. When this is not possible their best interests need to be at the heart of every decision made.Much of the distinction that we can make between adult and child owes a lot to how our friendship and the various cultures within it have constructed notions of what is appropriate for a child as opposed to what is appropriate for an adult. (Thompson and Thompson, 2008, p87-88)Although children need to be treated differently than adults we always need to be aware of the future of possibilities they have in front of them. A lot of who we become is mapped out in our childhood, so behaviours need to be notable and understood to help the individual in later life.One disadvantage the life-span development does not take into account is the world around us. This depending on the specific factor can lead to Anti-Discriminatory Practice (ADP) or Anti-Oppressive Practice (AOP), for example. a lack of understanding and knowledge of different cultural issues. Societal issues have just as much of an effect on infants as on adults. The structure of society often puts people at a disadvantage, for example, societys reaction to disability or race can lead to poverty and even social exclusion.However even with these issues people can sill build up resilience. Resilience enables some individuals to get through satisfactory outcomes despite their disadvantaged backgrounds. This can be seen through a good school compensating for a delinquent neighbourhood. Even infants show resilience, low birth weight poses a risk to the child, due to the child being unable to grow at the rate required to which in return could affect its immune system, leaving the baby more vulnerable. Therefore overcoming this shows great resilience at a very early age.Another issue this raises is society labelling those who are considered to be outside the norm. Labels tend to influence the way people view and respond to what is labelled.Labelling theory describes the response and expectations of others to an act labelled deviant. This may create a situation in which the labelled person can do no other than respond in the ways expected. (Davies, 2000, p181)The labelling will have an effect on the care giver and therefore on the infant as well.When looking at infants you need to be aware of the surrounding family. Who at this early and vulnerable stage in development will have a significant impact? So although poverty is not something the infant will even be aware of, the care giver will be all too aware. There are a number of circumstances that may affect the way a child is raised poverty is just one societal implication that can have an effect on the entire family. Any of these circumstances can lead to unnecessary stress which will then also impact on the infant.A different factor that can affect growth and development is disease and illness. One example of a condition that affects a childs development is autism. It is considered that ill children show a lack of interest in people and therefore fail to show the normal attachment to their care giver. Autistic children have varying degrees of communication problems and because learning through play ca n be restricted, the childs figure of speech of development will be affected. In autistic children the overall development is slow and they do not reach the same mental milestones as the child who is normal. However autistic children are known to reach islands of brilliance. For example, although their communication with other children is very limited they may show considerably better powers of memory or drawing skills. So although the development process is very different from the norm, they adapt to their environment as other children do. In the early years it is just a matter of persevering and learning to get to know the infant the same as any other care giver would. In the case of an autistic child the life-span development would not be very useful, nor would the theories that have been suggested during this assignment.The social worker working with the infant will have to do their first initial assessment. Here they are laying the foundation for future assessments. They will be looking at the infants development and growth but as mentioned earlier the family will also impact on the infant in various ways. This is where knowledge of the entire lifespan is useful. As every person who is involved with the infant plays a part in their development. So an awareness of what is normal for that person is an advantage. The social worker will also be looking at the social implications that have an effect on the family, both positive and negative. So working with the family as a unit, with the infants well-being at the heart of everything, the social worker can focus on reducing the risk and negative impacts and raising awareness of the positives. This should have a positive affect on the well-being of the child.In conclusion a good knowledge and understanding of the life-span development benefits social workers, as it shows what is considered to be normal development throughout life. This helps social workers recognise when someone is not on target and therefore raises awareness of potential problems. However the disadvantage to this is it doesnt take into account any outside factors that can affect development. These factors include society issues that can lead to ADP and AOP if not taken into account with users and handled appropriately.

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work Essay

Professional Practice With Children Families And Carers Social Work EssayAs a result of the 2011 riots seen in the fall in Kingdom, Louise Casey (2012) was commissi geniusd by the coalition government to write a report entitled listening to Troubled Families. This demonstrate provide critique the report and consider if government austerity measures could push in complaisant care provision and outcomes for value users. It will discuss the tale of one family identify in the report whom require intervention and bear in ordering to safeguard their squirtren (Casey 2012). It will give an outline of the development and impact of legislation and policy charge on social guide practice for children, families and carers. Furthermore it will consider academic seek and theories that inform social work practice when works with such families for event ecological theories, assessment, life span models of development, professional power and attachment surmisal. This essay will likew ise discuss the skills necessity for contemporary social work practitioners to engage effectively with children and families. It will argue that inter-professional, anti-oppressive, multi-professional and reflective practice is paramount to successful outcomes for families who require maintenance from services.The term profuse families was introductory used by David Cameron (Cameron, 2011), and later defined by the department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) as households having serious problems and chaotic individualal histories. Cameron (2012) intends to look those determine in the report as troubled 120,000 families, turn their lives around. These families are characterised as having no adult in employment, children who do non attend school and family members partaking in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. By reducing costs and improving outcomes, the results based funding scheme aims to change service delivery for families (Cameron, 2011). Welshm an (2012), states that this policy agenda is the latest reconstruction of the lowclass debate. Giddens (1973, cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2002) claims that Britain has an underclass of good deal who are disadvantaged on the labour market because they lack qualifications and skills, and whitethorn face discrimination, prejudice and marginalisation in society. The New Labour Government (1997-2010) linked disorderly behaviour to problem families and focussed on individual deficiencies rather than an acknowledgment of structural constraints, for instance the effects of poverty on family tattleships and parenting (Hill and Wright, 2003 Gillies, 2005, in Parr, 2009).New Labour implemented Family Intervention Projects (FIP) that were framed from the Respect Action Plan in 2006. This was criticized by a parental and family support organisation Parentline Plus (2006), as threats of punishments to parents would impact negatively on families, and parents could be less(prenominal) will ing to seek support before they reached crisis (BBC News, 2006). Initiatives similar Signpost, provided intensive levels of support and understanding of multidimensional complexities, comprising of effective intervention for children and families within their communities (Dillane et al 2001, cited in Parr, 2009 ). Featherstone (2006) maintains this initiative was within the context of the social investment state, supporting investment in human capital as opposed to direct economic provision provided by the state in the form of welfare payments. Postle, (2002 cited in Parr, 2009) argues that Signpost intervention was social work at its trounce al execrableing social workers time for effective communication and coalition working rather than the policing of families.Levitas (2012) argued against look into methodological analysis used in the Casey Report (2012) and of the idea of multi-disadvantaged families being the source of societys ills. Levitas (2012) claims that the figure o f 120,000 was set uped on data from a secondary analysis of a Children and Families Report (2004). publications suggests the figure of 120,000 families is underestimated, the quash of multi-disadvantaged families is significantly greater (Levitas, 2012 Hern, 2012). The initial 2004 study found no evidence to indicate that the families were trouble makers as proposed but did find that they were families in trouble. As a result of changes in taxation, welfare benefits, spending cuts and the continuing effects of the economic downturn (Levitas, 2012).Welshman (2012) advocates that history provides important lessons for policymakers and addressing both structural and behavioural causes of poverty is likely to be more effective than counting and defining such families. He believes at that place is little knowledge regarding reasons for behaviours and calls for research for combating problems that these families encounter. Casey (2012) has given an acuteness by using service users na rratives and received positive responses from interviewees. However, her research does have further limitations a small sample of sixteen families, all of whom were at crisis purport when they accepted working with the FIP (Casey 2012). Soloman (2012) claims that vast number of vulnerable families are being left without any support. Casey (2012) made no reference to ethnicity and culture of the families, therefore liberal no insight into diversity (Clifford and Burke, 2009). Bailey (2012) believes that the report breaches ethical standards for social research, the families interviewed are participants in the FIP and therefore had a power of sanction over them, therefore it whitethorn have been difficult for the families to decline from the study. No written information on the risks of participation was provided he also suggests that ethical approval was not applied for. Bailey, (2012) believes that there is a risk of identifying these families. Casey (2012) acknowledged that the i nformation was not re founderative of 120,000 families but claims that it provides a sound basis for policy. Nevertheless, Bailey (2012) argues that there is no place for unethical research in public policy making.Comparative studies were not conducted on families with similar economic and social circumstances who are not described as troubled. Casey (2012) discussed intergenerational cycles of abuse, violence, inebriant and drug misuse as well as worklessness being reasons for troubled families placing the oneness on individuals (Levitas, 2012). Kelly (2012) welcomes the Governments commitment to aid families. He proposes that most parents on low incomes are good parents and believes that it is naive to conflate illness, inadequate housing and poverty with substance misuse and crime. Kelly (2012) also argues that many families involved with Family Action are socially isolated, invisible to support services who struggle on low incomes rather than displaying anti-social behaviours. The skid studies gave the parents perspective, however, the voice and opinion of the child was unheard. Ofsted (2010) found practitioners concentrated too oftentimes on the needs of the parents and overlooked the implications for the child. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 12 declares, the views of the child must be respected, Article 3 states that the childs best interests must be a primary concern (Unicef, 1992).This essay will now discuss social work practice in relation to one of the families identified in Louise Caseys Report (2012) Chris and Julie ( supplement 1). In the past, adults like Chris and Julie who had withdrawing disabilities may have been prevented from fitting parents, eugenic theories dominated, with the aim to ensure children with similar disabilities were not procreated (Cleaver and Nicholson 2007). However, in recent years attitudes are changing in favour of people with learning disabilities giving them the same rights as other citizens regarding sexuality and family life. An increased number of people with learning difficulties now have wider opportunities for independent living. According to Haavik and Menninger (1981 cited in Booth and Booth, 1993, p 203) deinstitutionalization enabled many people with learning disabilities to participate in their community. Duffy (2006, cited in Thompson et al 2008), states that self-determination is a core principle in attaining citizenship in western society.The shift in opinions and principles is evident in government legislation and charge therefrom impacting on social work practice, for instance Valuing People a new strategy for learning constipation for the 21st century (2001), (DoH 2001) and Valuing People straight off The Delivery Plan (20102011) Making it happen for everyone gives guidance for all professionals supporting people with learning disabilities living in the community (DoH 2011). In relation to the case scenario, Article 8 of The Human Rig hts Act 1998 (.1) provides Chris and Julie with a right to respect for private and family life, his home and correspondence however, any interference with this right must be necessary and lawful with regard to public safety, national security, prevention of public disorders and crime, or for the protection of rights and freedoms of others.Both Julie and Chris have a protected characteristic of dis superpower and therefore under the equivalence Act (2010) should be protected from direct and indirect discrimination from service providers. However, childrens rights are paramount and override those of their parents or carers (DoH, 1998). admission to learning stultification services in England was governed by Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) (DoH, 2003), until it was superseded by Putting People First (2007) and highlighted the need for a personalised Adult Social Care System (DoH, 2007).Emerson et al (2005) found one in fifteen adults with learning disabilities living in England were parents and this research accentuate that approximately half ofchildren born to parents with learning disabilities are at risk from abuse and twenty five per cent no longer lived with their parents (McGaw,2000). Further research indicates that the majority of services are as yet inadequate in meeting the needs of families with learning disabilities (McGaw 2000). McInnis et al (2011) similarly found complexities in ascertain eligibility for service users. They indicated that decisions regarding eligibility are not only determined by assessment results but by local government resources. They advocate equality and argue that changes in assessment tools are necessary when working with families with learning difficulties. Chris and Julie reflect these findings as they only received intervention when they faced difficulties caring for their children.The parental skills model would be advantageous for practitioners as it is designed to assist the assessment process when working with Chris and Julie. The model focuses on life skills, familial history and access to support services. McGaw and Sturmey (1994) found that if difficulties arise for parents in any of the three areas it Service users maybe uncooperative and reluctant to engage with services, perhaps due to anxieties and fear of consequences. For example their children being remove from their care and their own childhood experiences. Cultural awareness and age appropriate interventions are necessary to enable partnership working (Egan, 2007 cited in Martin, 2010). Horwath (2011) found that although slightly social workers faced barriers to the Child-focused assessment framework, due to heavy workloads, time restrictions, performance targets and limited training opportunities. Others found that additional bureaucracy gave them a security in their practice. Smale, et al. (1993) highlighted the following models of assessment questioning, procedural, and exchange model. The latter may be beneficial when working in partnership with this family as the service users are viewed as experts and support their potential for working together towards goals.When working with families communication can be complex effective communication would include active listening skills, person centred think and intervention, also avoiding the use of professional jargon (Anning et al, 2006). The worker should be aware of non-verbal communication and power imbalances in their working relationship (DoH, DfES, 2007). It may be advisable for this family to access advocacy services to promote equality, social inclusion and social justice (actionforadvocacy.org.uk, 2012). According to Yuill and Gibson (2011), advocacy promotes anti-oppressive practice.Horwath (2010) suggests positive relationships are built on trust. This echoes the person centred principles of Rogers (1961, cited in Thompson et al, 2008) enabling the practitioner to observe realistic emotional, somatic and behavioural responses from the chil d and family, that are essential for effective information gathering for assessments (DoH 2006). Martin (2010) argues in order to ensure an understanding of the service user narrative within a multi-professional context the practitioner should reflect and summarise and make accurate recordings. Information should be stored in accordance to the Data protective cover Act, 1989 (legislation.gov.uk) and also be shared effectively between multi-agencies and safeguarding departments (Laming, 2003).Numerous children have died from abuse and neglect in the United Kingdom (Brandon et al, 2005). In 2000, Victoria Climbie was subjected to cruelty by her aunt and her partner which resulted in her loss of life. Laming (2003) describes Victorias death as a gross failure of the transcription and inexcusable and recommended reforms (1.18 p.3). In England, the government published the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al 2000) and additional policy guidanc e came about in any Child Matters Change for Children (2003) that made all professionals accountable for safeguarding, child development, focusing on early intervention, joint sense of responsibility and information sharing with integrate front line services and an emphasis on children fulfilling their potential (dcsf.gov.uk 2012). The following year the Children Act (2004) Section 11 (DfES, 2005) gave clear guidance on multi-agency working and states that safeguarding children is everyones business.The Children Act 1989 (DoH,1989) and the Children Act 2004 (DoH,2004a) currently underpin child welfare practice in England. The former Act considers the concept of a child in need (section 17) and accentuates the importance family support services who both promote the childs welfare and help safeguard and assist parents in their role. In addition Working Together to safety Children (2010) gives extensive guidance on collaborative working and defines roles and responsibilities of prof essionals (HM. Government 2010). This guidance is presently being revised and reduced to alleviate bureaucracy for professionals, however Mansuri (2012, cited in McGregor 2012) argues that the real safeguarding concerns are unmanageable caseloads, plummeting moral and cuts to support staff and criticises the government for failing to consult more practitioners regarding these changes.An example for effective working together that may benefit the family in the case scenario is Team around the Family (TAF) intervention. This encourages effective, early identification of additional need, it assesses strengths and is restorative in approach that provides the family opportunities for change and enhances multi-agency collaboration (cheshirewestandchester,2012). Family mentoring services may also be useful in this case (catch-22.2012).Childrens Services in England and Wales adhere to The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al 2000). The Assessment Fr amework provides an ecological approach of the childs developmental needs, parenting capacity, family and environmental factors. This ecological approach was championed by Bronfenbrenner, (1979, cited Martin, 2010) found that by incorporating the microsystem, exosystem and macrosystem benefited both practitioners and service users by enabling wider societies influences of culture and economic circumstances to be considered in assessment (Wilson et al, 2011). This evidenced- based framework aims to ensure that the childs welfare is both promoted and protected (Cleaver et al, 2004).This framework provides a consistent method of collating and analysing information, thus giving practitioners a more coherent understanding of the childs developmental needs, the capacity of their parents and the influence of the extended family and other environmental factors that impact on the family (DoH al, 2000). However, Garrett (2003 Rose, 2002 in chip shot et al, 2007) believe that the underpinning evidence for the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (2000) is problematic. Howarth (2002 in Crisp et al, 2007) suggests that accompanying specific guidance for children from black and ethnic minorities are less widely circulated than the framework document. Katz (1997, cited in Crisp et al, 2007) accuses the framework as being mechanistic checklists used by inexperienced staff as data parade tools and loosing focus on identifying and meeting the needs of children (Horwath, 2002 cited in Crisp et al 2007).Likewise, Munro (2011) challenged all professionals to ensure that our child protection system is centred on the child or young person, as she believes the system has lost its focus on the childs needs and experiences and has been too focused on rules, time-frames in assessment and procedures. At present an initial assessment is carried out ten days from referral and a core assessment must be completed within thirty-five days of an sign Assessment , and would be undertaken to initiate child protection enquires (DoH et al, 2000). Practitioners use twin tracking and pursue other possibilities for the family (scie-socialcareonline.org.uk). This may be ethically and emotionally difficult for practitioners they should ensure supervision and adhere to their professional standards of proficiency and ethics (HCPC, 2012).Munro (2011) urges the government to value professional expertise and revise statutory guidance on service intervention and delivery and calls for more focus on understanding the underlying issues that influenced professional practice that resulted in Serious Case Reviews. Munro (2011) also calls for reforming social work training and placement provision for students. The government accepted Munros recommendations and changes to the system will be implemented in 2012 (DfE 2011).Damien (see appendix 1) meets the threshold criteria for intervention under section17 (10) of The Children Act (1989) as his health or develop ment may be significantly impaired without support services. At present he does not go forth to be at risk of significant harm, however a core assessment may be beneficial in determining the appropriate support services (HM Government, 2010), examples include Youth Offending Teams (YOT) who deliver crime prevention programmes (youth-offending-team, 2012), Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCO) and learning mentors provide support in educational settings (Good schools guide,2012). It is vital throughout the assessment process that practitioners are non-judgmental and use reflective practice and have an awareness of transference and counter-transference to disperse any negative responses and feelings (DoH, 2000 Wilson et al, 2008).The practitioner should draw on theories of human development through the lifespan as well as sociological, biological, psychological and psychosocial theories. For example biological theory would consider genic influences, physical development and instinctual behaviours whereas the sociological perspective would emphasise the importance of social factors (Horwath, 2010). It may be that the family are living in poverty and had have not been in receipt of full benefit entitlements or support services it would be advisable to contact relevant welfare agencies and seek professional attention for financial support to aid this family (family-action, 2012).The Children Act (1989) states that for the majority of children their family is the most appropriate place for them to live. However, the local authority has a duty of care and Madison (see appendix 1) needs to be accommodated under section 20 of the Children Act (1989), as she is a child in need (section 17) or a child at risk of significant harm (section 47). Chris and Julie have parental responsibility for their children until they are adopted (D of H, 1989 2000 HM Government, 2010).When assessing families the practitioner should have an understanding of theories that inform practice. In relation to Eriksons (1982) theory of psychosocial pointednesss of development, it could be suggested that Madison is in the fifth stage of development known as Identity and Repudiation versus Identity diffusion. This stage usually will occur between ages 12-18. Throughout adolescence children are becoming more independent and developing a sense of self. Madison could experience confusion in this stage as she has spent time in kinship and residential care. Erikson (1982) believes with encouragement, reinforcement, and through personal exploration adolescents can leave this stage with a strong personal identity and direction in life. If Madison fails to pass through this stage successfully she will be insecure about herself and her future (Erikson, 1982 cited in Wilson et al 2008). Hamachek (1988) suggests this theory is ambiguous in identifying behaviours of an individuals psychological growth throughout different stages of development.Chris and Julie have had one ch ild adopted and have been unable to parent eight of their ix children. During assessment practitioners should have an understanding of attachment categories and relating behaviours it could be that some of Chris and Julies children developed anxious-ambivalent attachments. Role reversal may have taken place, thus resulting in the children becoming angry about the unreliability of the carer and possibly the reason for them displaying anti-social behaviours Ainsworth (et al., 1978 cited in Becket and Taylor, 2010). Early attachment theory was criticized for denying women equality in the workplace by implying that the risk of mothers going their children would be detrimental to their childrens development (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). With regard to Julie and Chris, the local authority could undertake a pre-birth assessment and multi-professional case conference under (section 47) of the Children Act (1989) to evaluate parenting capacity, family and environment, and their ability to su stain parenting to meet the childs developing and changing needs ( department of health 1989 department of Health, 2010).Specialist assessment tools for parents with learning disabilities would assist the couple in their understanding and partnership planning (McGaw, 2000 cited in Wallbridge, 2012). Both Chris and Julie have completed a parenting course and this is positive as they had not done so previously (Casey 2012). Wallbridge (2012) claims successful support packages offer intensive, continuous training for parenting, for example group work and life skills in the home, both parents feeling valued are often positive catalysts of change. A recent government report (2012) however, identified the child protection system as being reactive rather than proactive with regard to young people accessing services. It warned that professionals gave the parents numerous changes to improve their parenting skills and children were left to live with neglectful parents (publications.parliame nt.uk, 2012)This essay has critiqued the report Listening to Troubled Families by Louise Casey (2012) and found limitations in the methodology. It considered the needs of a family identified and critiqued the role and skills of a social worker in safeguarding. 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